As part of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 14, C-V2X defines two transmission modes that, together, enable a broad range of use cases. Direct C-V2X, which includes vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), provides enhanced communication range and reliability in dedicated ITS 5.9 GHz spectrum that’s independent of a cellular network, as well as network communications (V2N) in traditional mobile broadband licensed spectrum.