Post Quantum Government Initiatives by Country and Region
The scope of this section is to provide a summary of countries with active PQC programs as context for the Post Quantum Telco analysis. This is not an exhaustive list and is intended to be indicative only. Given the rapidly evolving area for governments globally, ongoing monitoring is required to ensure consistency with strategic plans and roadmaps.
We welcome any comments and feedback to ensure the information is accurate and up to date.
Note: This section has been updated (to 02 Oct 2024) include the latest guidance from the listed countries. For ease of reference countries have been included even if there is no update since Dec 2022.
Summary of Guidelines provided by the Countries
| Country | PQC Algorithms Under Consideration | Published Guidance | Timeline (summary) |
| Australia | NIST | ACSC-2023 ACSC-2024 | Start planning for transition to quantum resistant cryprography. |
| Canada | NIST | CAN-01 CAN-02 | Start planning, wait for standards. CSE is updating detailed PQC guidance. |
| China | China Specific | CAICT-2023 | Start Planning |
| Czech Republic | NIST (but not restricted to) | NÚKIB-2023 | Migrate by 2027 (key establishment, encryption). As soon as possible for firmware & software signing. |
| European Union | NIST Plan to select PQC EU algorithms | ENISA-2022 EC-2024 | Start planning Define a coordinated PQC roadmap for Member States by 2026 |
| France | NIST (but not restricted to) | ANSSI (2022, 2023) | Start planning; Transition from 2024 |
| Germany | NIST (but not restricted to) | BSI-2021 BSI-2023 BSI-2024 | Start planning |
| Italy | NIST | CAN-2024 | |
| Japan | Monitoring NIST | JAPAN-2022 | Start planning; initial timeline. CRYPTREC is preparing detailed PQC guidelines. |
| Netherlands | ML-KEM, Classic McEliece and FrodoKEM recommended in hybrid mode for TLS. | NL-2022 AIVD-2023 NL-2024 | Draft action plan with timeframes |
| New Zealand | NIST | NZISM-2024 | Start planning. Transition from 2026-27. |
| Singapore | Monitoring NIST | SG-2022 MAS-2024 | No timeline available. Financial services firms required to prepare plan. |
| South Korea | KpqC | MSIT (2022) MSIT (2024) | Start competition First round (Nov.’22-Nov.’23). PQC Roadmap published |
| Spain | NIST and FrodoKEM. | CCN.ES-2022 | Four phase approach today to post-2030. |
| United Kingdom | NIST | NCSC-2024a NCSC-2024b | Start planning; use only standards in production. NCSC is preparing detailed PQC guidance. |
| United States | NIST | NSM-10 CISA-2021 CNSA20 HR7375 CISA-2023 CISA-2024 | Implement 2023-2033 |
Key Reference by Country
| Country | Key References |
| Australia | Planning for Post-quantum Cryptography, Australian Cyber Security Center, 2023 [ACSC-2023] |
| Canada | Cyber Centre celebrates new NIST post-quantum standards, Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, 07 Aug 2024, Cyber Centre Canada [CAN-01] Canadian National Quantum-Readiness: BEST PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES, Version 03 – June 12, 2023. CFDIR [CAN-02] |
| China | Post-Quantum Cryptography Application Research Report, 2023 [CAICT-2023] |
| Czech Republic | Minimum Requirements for cryptographic algorithms – Cryptographic security recommendations, NÚKIB, 2023 [NUKIB-2023] |
| EU | Post-Quantum Cryptography – Integration Study, ENISA, Oct 2022 [ENISA-2022]] Coordinated Implementation Roadmap for the transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography, European. Commission, Apr 2024. [EC-2024] |
| France | ANSSI views on the Post-Quantum Cryptography transition, Jan 2022 [ANSSI-2022] ANSSI views on the Post-Quantum Cryptography transition (2023 follow-up), Dec 2023 [ANSSI-2023a] |
| Germany | Quantum-safe cryptography – fundamentals, current developments and recommendations, BSI, Oct 2021 [BSI-2021] “Cryptographic Mechanisms: Recommendations and Key Lengths” Version: 2024-1, BSI, Feb 2024 [BSI-2024] |
| G7 | G7 CYBER EXPERT GROUP STATEMENT ON PLANNING FOR THE OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING, Sep 2024 [G7-2024] |
| Italy | Crittografia Post-Quantum e Quantistica, Preparazione alla Minaccia Quantistica, ACN [ACN-2024] |
| Japan | CRYPTREC Cryptographic Technology Guideline – Post Quantum Cryptography [JAPAN-2022] |
| The Netherlands | Guidelines for Quantum-Safe Transport Layer Encryption, National Cybersecurity Center, July 2022: [NL-2022] ThePQC Migration Handbook, TNO, CWI, AIVD (Netherlands National Communications Security Agency), Dec 2023 [AIVD-2023] Make your organization quantum secure, May 2024. National Cybersecurity Center [NL-2024] |
| New Zealand | Information Security Manual (Version 3.8, September 2024) Te Tira Tikai – New Zealand Government Communications Security Bureau [NZISM-2024] |
| Singapore | MCI Response to PQ on Assessment of Risk and Impact of Quantum Computing Technology and Efforts to Ensure Encrypted Digital Records and Communications Networks Remain Secure [65] Advisory on Addressing the Cybersecurity Risks Associated with Quantum, Feb 2024, Monetary Authority of Singapore [MAS2024] |
| South Korea | KpqC [KPQC-2023] |
| Spain | Recommendations for a safe post-quantum transition, centro criptologico nacional, Dec 2022 [CCN.ES-2022] |
| United Kingdom | Post-quantum cryptography: what comes next?, NCSC, Aug 2024 [NCSC-2024a] Next steps in preparing for post-quantum cryptography, version 2.0. NCSC, Aug 2024 [NCSC-2024b] |
| United States | National Security Memorandum 10, White House, May 2022 [NSM-10] Preparing Critical Infrastructure for Post-Quantum Cryptography, CISA, August 2022 [CISA-2022] Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0, NSA, Sep 2022 [CNSA20] Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act, US Congress, Dec 2022 [HR7535] Quantum-Readiness: Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography, CISA/NSA/NIST, Aug 2023 [CISA-2023] Strategy for Migrating to Automated Post-Quantum Cryptography Discovery and Inventory Tools, Aug 2024 [CISA-2024] |
Further References
| Ref | Doc Number | Title |
| ACN-2024 | Crittografia Post-Quantum e Quantistica: Preparazione alla Minaccia Quantistica, ACN (Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale, Italy), July 2024 https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/documents/20119/85999/ACN_Crittografia_Quantum_Safe.pdf | |
| ACSC-2023 | n/a | Planning for Post-quantum Cryptography, Australian Cyber Security Center (ACSC) (Aug 2023): https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-08/PROTECT%20-%20Planning%20for%20Post-Quantum%20Cryptography%20%28August%202023%29.pdf |
| ACSC-2024 | n/a | Information Security Manual – Guidelines for Cryptography , Australian Cyber Security Center (ACSC) (Sep 2024) https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-09/22.%20ISM%20-%20Guidelines%20for%20Cryptography%20%28September%202024%29.pdf |
| AISR-2024 | n/a | Guiding principles for a global quantum ecosystem informed by science, Dept of Industry, Science and Resouces, Government of Australia, Feb 2024 https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/guiding-principles-global-quantum-ecosystem-informed-science |
| ANSSI-2022 | ANSSI views on the Post-Quantum Cryptography transition, Jan 2022 https://cyber.gouv.fr/en/publications/anssi-views-post-quantum-cryptography-transition | |
| ANSSI-2023a | ANSSI views on the Post-Quantum Cryptography transition (2023 follow-up), Dec 2023 https://cyber.gouv.fr/en/publications/follow-position-paper-post-quantum-cryptography | |
| ANSSI-2023b | PQC Transition in France ANSSI views. March 2023 https://cyber.gouv.fr/en/publications/follow-position-paper-post-quantum-cryptography | |
| AIVD-2023 | The PQC Migration Handbook, AIVD (General Intelligence and Security Service, Netherlands Ministry of the Interior nad Foreign Relations), Apr 2023 https://english.aivd.nl/publications/publications/2023/04/04/the-pqc-migration-handbook | |
| BSI-2021 | BSI-Bro21/01 | Quantum-safe cryptography – fundamentals, current developments and recommendations, BSI (German Federal Office for Information Security), May 2021 https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Brochure/quantum-safe-cryptography.html?nn=916626 |
| BSI-2023 | BSI-LB23/512e | The State of IT Security in Germany in 2023, BSI (German Federal Office for Information Security), Oct 2023 https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Securitysituation/IT-Security-Situation-in-Germany-2023.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=8 |
| BSI-2024 | BSI TR-02102-1 | Cryptographic Mechanisms: Recommendations and Key Lengths, Version: 2024-01, BSI (German Federal Office for Information Security), Feb 2024 https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/TechGuidelines/TG02102/BSI-TR-02102-1.html?nn=916626 |
| CAICT-2023 | No. 202316 | Post-Quantum Cryptography Application Research Report (2023), Source: China Academy of Information and Communications Technology: http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202312/P020240326616760506829.pdf[li1] |
| CAN-01 | n/a | Cyber Centre celebrates new NIST post-quantum standards, Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, 07 Aug 2024 https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/cyber-centre-celebrates-new-nist-post-quantum-standards |
| CAN-02 | n/a | Canadian National Quantum-Readiness: BEST PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES, Version 03 – June 12, 2023 Quantum-Readiness Working Group (QRWG) of the Canadian Forum for Digital Infrastructure Resilience (CFDIR) https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/spectrum-management-telecommunications/sites/default/files/attachments/2023/cfdir-quantum-readiness-best-practices-v03.pdf |
| CAN-03 | ITSAP.00.017 | Preparing your organization for the quantum threat to cryptography, Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, Feb 2021 https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/preparing-your-organization-quantum-threat-cryptography-itsap00017 |
| CAN-04 | ITSAP.40.018 | Guidance on becoming cryptographically agile, Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, May 2022 https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/guidance-becoming-cryptographically-agile-itsap40018 |
| CAN-05 | ISSP.40.111 | Cryptographic algorithms for UNCLASSIFIED, PROTECTED A, and PROTECTED B information, Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, March 2024 https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/cryptographic-algorithms-unclassified-protected-protected-b-information-itsp40111 |
| CAN-06 | ITSP.40.062 | Guidance on securely configuring network protocols, Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, Oct 2020 https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/guidance-securely-configuring-network-protocols-itsp40062 |
| CCN.ES-2022 | CCN-TEC 009 | Recommendations for a safe post-quantum transition, centro criptológico nacional, Dec 2022 https://www.ccn.cni.es/index.php/es/docman/documentos-publicos/boletines-pytec/499-ccn-tec-009-recomendaciones-transicion-postcuantica-segura-english/file |
| CISA-2021 | Preparing for Post-Quantum Cryptography, CISA (US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency), October 2021 https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/post-quantum_cryptography_infographic_october_2021_508.pdf | |
| CISA-2022 | CISA Insights: Preparing Critical Infrastructure for Post-Quantum Cryptography, CISA (US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency), Aug 2022 https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/cisa_insight_post_quantum_cryptography_508.pdf | |
| CISA-2023 | Quantum-Readiness: Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography, CISA/NSA/NIST, 21 August 2023 https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-08/Quantum%20Readiness_Final_CLEAR_508c%20%283%29.pdf | |
| CISA-2024 | Strategy for Migrating to Automated Post-Quantum Cryptography Discovery and Inventory Tools, CISA (US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency), Aug 2024 https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-09/Strategy-for-Migrating-to-Automated-PQC-Discovery-and-Inventory-Tools.pdf | |
| CNSA20 | Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0 (CNSA 2.0), NSA (US National Security Agency), Sep 2022 https://media.defense.gov/2022/Sep/07/2003071834/-1/-1/0/CSA_CNSA_2.0_ALGORITHMS_.PDF (defense.gov) | |
| CSIR-2021 | n/a | The quantum threat to cybersecurity: Looking through the prism of post-quantum cryptography. CSIRO, 2021. [Australia] https://www.math.auckland.ac.nz/~sgal018/DATA61_REPORT_QuantumCryptography_WEB_FINAL.pdf |
| EC-2024 | C(2024) 2393 final | Commission Recommendation of 11.4.2024 on a Coordinated Implementation Roadmap for the transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/recommendation-coordinated-implementation-roadmap-transition-post-quantum-cryptography |
| ENISA-2022 | DOI: 10.2824/151162 | Post-Quantum Cryptography – Integration Study, ENISA (European Union Agency for Cybersecurity), Oct 2022 https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/post-quantum-cryptography-integration-study |
| G7-2024 | G7 CYBER EXPERT GROUP STATEMENT ON PLANNING FOR THE OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING, Sept 2024 https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/G7-CYBER-EXPERT-GROUP-STATEMENT-PLANNING-OPPORTUNITIES-RISKS-QUANTUM-COMPUTING.pdf | |
| HR7353 | H.R.7535 PL 117-260 | H.R. 7535 – Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act, Public Law No: 117-260, 117th United States Congress, 21 December 2022 https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7535/text |
| JAPAN-2022 | GL-2004-2022 | CRYPTREC Cryptographic Technology Guideline – Post-Quantum Cryptography, Cryptography Research and Evaluation Committees, 2022 https://www.cryptrec.go.jp/report/cryptrec-gl-2004-2022.pdf |
| MAS2024 | MAS/TCRS/2024/01 | Advisory on Addressing the Cybersecurity Risks Associated with Quantum, Feb 2024, Monetary Authority of Singapore https://www.mas.gov.sg/regulation/circulars/advisory-on-addressing-the-cybersecurity-risks-associated-with-quantum |
| NCSC-2024a | Post-quantum cryptography: what comes next?, NCSC (UK National Cyber Security Centre), Aug 2024 https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/post-quantum-cryptography-what-comes-next | |
| NCSC-2024b | Next steps in preparing for post-quantum cryptography, version 2.0. NCSC (UK National Cyber Security Centre), Aug 2024 https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/whitepaper/next-steps-preparing-for-post-quantum-cryptography | |
| NL-2022 | Guidelines for Quantum-Safe Transport Layer Encryption, July 2022, National Cybersecurity Center (Netherlands Ministry of Justice and Security) https://www.ncsc.nl/documenten/publicaties/2022/juli/guidelines-for-quantum-safe-transport-layer-encryption/guidelines-for-quantum-safe-transport-layer-encryption | |
| NL-2024 | Make your organization quantum secure, May 2024. National Cybersecurity Center (Netherlands Ministry of Justice and Security) https://english.ncsc.nl/publications/publications/2024/march/25/quantum-secure | |
| NSM-10 | National Security Memorandum 10, White House, May 2022 https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/04/national- security-memorandum-on-promoting-united-states-leadership-in-quantum-computing- while-mitigating-risks-to-vulnerable-cryptographic-systems/ | |
| NUKIB-2023 | n/a | Minimum Requirments for Cryptographic Algorithms: Cryptographic Security Recommendations, National Cyber and Information Security Agency (NÚKIB), 2023. [Czechia]. https://nukib.gov.cz/download/publications_en/Minimum_Requirements_for_Cryptographic_Algorithms_final.pdf |
| NZISM-2024 | NZSIM v3.8 | New Zealand Information Security Manual, Te Tiri Tiaki (New Zealand Government Communications Security Bureau), Version 3.8, Sep 2024 https://nzism.gcsb.govt.nz/ism-document |
| SG-2022 | MCI Response to PQ on Assessment of Risk and Impact of Quantum Computing Technology and Efforts to Ensure Encrypted Digital Records and Communications Networks Remain Secure, Singapore Ministry of Digital Development and Innovation, 29 Nov 2022 https://www.mddi.gov.sg/media-centre/parliamentary-questions/quantum-computing-technology/ |
HW: updated the reference based on the latest publication [li1]